More and more providers and billing services are looking into the benefits of web based software over the old fashioned server based practice management systems. After running a medical billing business with server based software for fifteen years, we decided it was time to look into some of the newer features.

The field of medical billing is always changing and improvements should be expected in our software capabilities. As technology develops we should find our software doing more jobs for us in less time and dealing with regulations and coding changes in real time. Of course we want all this available to us at a reasonable cost. We found that with the newer technology of web based practice management systems can really save time and money.

The newest software offers unbelievable features creating shortcuts that save time, money, keystrokes, denials, and improves cash flow. With a web based practice management system you can sign onto a secure program on the web on any computer, not just the one with the software installed. Here are ten amazing advantages of some of the best of the new web based medical billing software.

1. Saves time – Development of new technology has automated so many processes previously dependent upon employee data entry that incredible amounts of time can be saved. Electronic payment entry, one click printing capabilities, problem claims stored in a queue rather than searching through electronic reports, and one click reproducing of last claim codes are just a few of the amazing shortcuts now available.

Just imagine the time saved alone in not having to enter payments. The eobs can now be scanned and converted to an 837 file that electronically enters the insurance payments and automatically bills the secondary insurance carrier or the patient.

In our server based system we had to open a box and choose whether you were printing a primary insurance, a secondary insurance, or a patient statement. When you clicked on one of those it asked which form you want to use. After clicking on the appropriate form, a box would ask if you which printer you use. Then if the printer had more than one drawer, you would have to click on properties and choose the drawer with the correct type of paper for the form you are printing. If one of my workers printed out only 25 paper claims or patient statements a day, a one click printing job would save over 100 commands per day. As a billing service, we receive hundreds of electronic reports per week that we must open, read, and deal with the problem claims. This task was overwhelming with the server based program. The new web based program we now use sends just the problem claims to a queue. We now go to the queue and check on only the problems instead of wading through all the accepted claims to find the rejections.

These are just a few of the time saving systems now available with some web based programs. These systems have enabled us to increase our work load by 50% without taking on more employees or increasing our hours.

2. Saves money – With so many time saving advantages of web based software we were able to take on extra accounts without increasing our payroll. We put our employees to much more productive work. Web based software can also save the upfront costs of purchasing a server based software along with the required licensing, support, and updates. The web based program we decided on charges one small monthly fee. That’s it. No extra charges for electronic submissions, support, provider scheduling, providing a superbill, patient online payments, ICD9 and CPT codes, code query, set up fees or back ups. No up front costs. Not only does this cost less, but it works better.

3. Eliminates many errors that create rework. The automated methods used with the newest web based software take many jobs that were once entered manually by billers and now eliminate the human errors through automation. A simple typo can cause a claim to be rejected or denied slowing down the payment cycle and causing much extra and unnecessary work. Rework is one of the most costly problems in an office. Whenever you can eliminate rework with better systems you save money.

4. Works in “Real Time” – When you are used to working on a static server based software you have no say in updating a process until a new version is released which you must purchase if you want to be able to update to these new requirements. This can be a problem when you have an outdated code you want to change or there are new requirements such as the NPI numbers, addition of taxonomy codes, or changes to the workers comp form. A web based program can provide for these changes as they become necessary. Instead of spending thousands of dollars to purchase the latest version of a server based software, the web based program is updated as it becomes necessary for any changes to be made. As diagnosis codes and CPT codes are added or eliminated, web based software can deal with these changes immediately, not with the next update. This feature can eliminate coding denials of insurance claims due to CPT or ICD9 changes.

5. Claims scrubbing – Claims scrubbing can go well beyond just letting you know that a patient’s birth date is missing. One small example of how helpful an effective claims scrubber can be is when a chiropractor bills a claim to Medicare where Medicare requires the AT modifier. If the modifier is not on the claim to Medicare it will be denied and if the AT modifier is on a claim to another insurance company, that claim may be denied for invalid modifier. A good claims scrubber will flag the claim if you have used the modifier incorrectly.

6. Capable of billing UB04 forms as well as CMS 1500 forms – Small facilities such as rehab clinics and mobile surgery centers are sometimes required to submit their claims on UB04 forms, depending on if they are credentialed as a facility or a provider with the insurance carrier. We found a web based software that will allow submissions of UB04 as well as CMS 1500 claim forms eliminating the need for two separate billing programs if you are billing for a facility. This is a great option for a billing company who may take on a small facility and has no way to print UB04 forms as well as for the small facility that needs to bill UB04 forms.

7. ICD9 and CPT codes preloaded for your specialty – Our server based medical billing software did not have the codes preloaded. We were constantly adding diagnosis codes and unfortunately some invalid diagnosis codes were added. When an invalid code was used, usually the claim was denied for invalid diagnosis code. The claim was then corrected and resubmitted – a good example of the rework I was talking about earlier. The web based program we decided on has all diagnosis codes and procedure codes for the specialty of the provider already preloaded. There are no unnecessary codes but you can add codes. As codes are updated, added or deleted by the AMA, they are changed automatically in the program. This will be especially helpful when we go to the ICD10 codes.

8. Automatic insurance company updates – You don’t have to keep up with insurance company address changes or electronic payer number for your clearing house. Our favorite web based software preloaded all insurance companies that could go electronically with the correct payer number. If a carrier changes their payer ID# it is automatically updated by the web based software. You don’t have to worry about it. How many of us have suddenly had all claims for a particular carrier fall into a black hole and find out it was because they changed their payer number and only notified providers on a small sidebar on their website. With good web based software this would not happen. Because they work in “Real Time”, insurance companies and their electronic identifiers are added or updated as the clearing house adds/updates them.

9. Eliminates need for accounting software – A billing service finds the need for accounting software like Quickbooks to keep track of billing their providers for their services. With the new technology, a billing service can now bill their providers, print statements, send past due notices, run reports, and enter payments all in the web based system eliminating the need for Quickbooks. The web based software we chose performs all the functions we once used Quickbooks for.

10. Multiple practices, eligibility, and electronic submissions at no extra cost – This makes a huge difference to a billing service. When we first started looking at the web based software we were afraid that it would be cost prohibitive for a billing service with multiple providers as most companies charged based on the number of providers. We were thrilled to find an application which not only had more technical features but didn’t charge by the provider or practice but rather by the user.

After researching the advantages of web based software extensively, we found that we could not afford to ignore the advantages of web based software. The next thing was to find an application that was affordable for a billing service.

We found that a company that used the SaaS (Software as a Service) concept could offer a much more reasonable product than a typical licensing product. Most web based programs charge per provider or practice so if you are billing for 60 providers, it can get real expensive. Using the Saas concept a web based medical billing software could now be offered to medical offices and billing services for a reasonable monthly fee and with no set up costs.

Xena-Health software quickly showed us a superior product with a host of benefits we didn’t know existed resulting in cutting our data entry time in half. We never dreamed of all the possibilities that newer technology could supply and at such a reasonable cost. With many medical office costs rising yearly, it was a wonderful surprise to find a cost savings product that actually increased our efficiency. Xena has been great to work with and we have been thrilled with the results.

Copyright 2009 – Alice Scott – Solutions Medical Billing Inc

We all want to enjoy what entertainment we can get, and most of it actually involves sound, this is where our home theater sound systems are going to come in. There are all sorts of things you need to know, questions to ask, and sometimes even loans to get. Now you’re going to find out how buying a home theater in a box is going to change all that.

Here are the top 5 reasons why you should buy a home theater in a box:

It will save you loads of money:

It is a very inexpensive way of getting your full surround sound package

All speakers are compatible with each other:

– in these packages, all speakers, amps, and dvd players are all meant to go together, and shouldn’t cause you any problems at all. This is the problem when it comes to creating your own package.

Easier to Warranty:

– when you buy a complete set together, you’re warranty is always better than if you pieced it together yourself. The reason for this is simple – if you have a problem with the packaged system, you call up the support line, and they walk you through a diagnosis to find the problem. If you pieced it together, you can not do this, because each piece is most likely part of a different department altogether.

Looks great together:

– inside a home theater in a box, the color scheme is the same, there is no lighter or darker shades of a certain color. They are all designed to look great as a whole. Where when you buy separate pieces, you might have to settle with different colored systems, might look a little patched together.

And finally, the most important of them all, simple set up:

– when it comes to setting up a home theater in a box everything is right there in front of you, most of the times even color coded for you to follow. And with simple set up instructions you will have your system set up and ready to go in no time.

– with a system you picked together things might not be so easy, and a lot of testing will have to go into the set up before you will be ready to go, at least double, sometimes triple the time it takes to set up a much smoother home theater in a box systems.

The only real down side to getting a home theater in a box is upgrading in the future, this is a tad difficult, as you have to make sure all the speakers and amps match up, and won’t blow each other out. But with the right first purchase of your own system, I am sure you won’t want to do that for sometime to come.

5 simple, and logical reasons why buying a home theater in a box is your best choice when it comes to home theater sound systems. There is really no reason why you would want to spend more money, take more time, and make things more complicated with a piece it together type system. So don’t waste anymore time, get your own home theater in a box, you won’t regret it.

There are many reasons to decide on having electric gates installed, Children’s safety, pets and animals safety. Security and convenience. As well as just stopping other vehicles turn around on your driveway.

In addition to the physical barrier of the gates, there is also the feel good factor of the gates always being closed. Also at being able to choose who or when you speak to the person at your gateway from the comfort of your own home, no more nuisance callers that always turn up when you are in the middle of something.

Safety is your first consideration when installing electric gates.

As well as deciding if you want swing gates or sliding gates, you will also have to cover all of the safety hazards of your gates movement.

Then go on to deciding additional safeties, access control, Who gets through the gates and how?

And finally communication to the gateway whether it be a simple door bell, a voice system or video, whether it is colour or B/W and of course CCTV.

So the Method of deciding what you want from your gates as well as what you can have from your gates is them finally decided by the costs amounting from the your needs or desires.

Decisions to be made in order from start to finish.

1. Existing post or brick piers, are they suitable to accept the gates that you would like? or do you need new post or piers?.

2. Is the gap between the posts or piers big enough for your needs and others that may use it?

3. Is the surface across the driveway level to allow the gates to swing inwards without hitting the ground?

4. Can the gate slide to one side allowing more space on the driveway?

5. Would you like Wooden gates or Metal gates?, price can be similar for either material.

6. Once all of the above questions have been answered the you can make a decision on the amount of times the gate will open per day and per hour, This will tell you how intensive the use is, above 20 openings per hour would be considered intensive and then you may want to consider either 24volt operators or Hydraulic operators.

7. The next decision and probably the most important is about safety.

a) Sliding gates, photocells possibly both sides of the gate, possible protecting the back of the gate and or maybe a photocell cage working as one beam forming a cage.

b) Leading edge strips attached to the ends of the gate that stop the gate when pressure is applied.

c) A leading edge strip fixed to the wall or post where the gate slides past to prevent a shearing action.

d) Swing gates, photocells through the gateway and possible on the end of the swing to protect objects through the swing of the gate

8. Access control, (who gets in and how?) Most gate automations are supplied with 2 remote controls, beyond that instead of buying lots of remote controls, a simple code lock or keypad added to allow access via the input of a simple code.

I. Swipe card (Proximity card or tag) allowing access via a card swipe.

II. Communication either wireless or hard wired from the gateway to the house allowing two way speech and access via a push of the phone button.

III. GSM allowing telephone speech via call unit to a mobile phone or dedicated phone from a GSM call unit.

IV. Video intercom B/W or colour hard wired only at the moment with few exceptions.

V. CCTV allowing monitoring of the gateway, some speech and some access control built in

9. In addition to access control, you can also have a simple press to exit or even a press to open button, obviously depending on levels of security, but at little cost.

10. Postman, often overlooked, a post box can be fitted on the gates, outside the gates or access can be on a timer to allow access within the specified times.

The bedroom has a very important influence on people who sleep in it. Since a master bedroom belongs to the master or the head of the house, it is very important that this room be rightly oriented and decorated so that the master’s mind remains balanced and he maintains a positive attitude. Vastu shastra gives specific and clear guidelines about how a master bedroom should be oriented and about the colors and décor that can be used in this room.

The right orientation

According to vastu, a master bedroom has to be located in the southwest corner of the house. Preferably, the bedroom should be located on the topmost floor, if the house is duplex or split level. In case it is not possible for the head of the family to have his bedroom on the top floor, the topmost southwestern bedroom can be given to the eldest child of the family. Southwest is the direction of earth, which in turn implies weight and heaviness. Since the head of the family is the most powerful force at home, this direction is suitable for master bedroom.

Decoration tips for master bedrooms

Master bedrooms should be shaped such that the room has four sides and corners, square and rectangle being examples. Beds should not be placed directly under beams. Also, box beds are not recommended for master bedrooms. In case you do have box beds, do not fill the boxes with clutter. Keep the bed light and clean, both inside and out. The sleeping position should be north facing.

The entrance of the master bedroom should be towards northeast. Vastu also suggests that wardrobes and almirahs should be placed on the southwest corner of the room. You can use the northern or eastern walls to place dressing tables and mirrors. It is important to ensure that mirror does not face the bed. Electronic equipments such as television, air conditioners, electronic locks, music players and others should be on the east. If you want to have a study table in the master bedroom, keep it in the north.

Shades of pinks are considered good colors for bedrooms because the color is soothing and romantic. Other suitable colors are grey, pastel blue, pastel green, off-whites and light rose. Bright reds should be avoided because they cause aggression. However, reds can be used as highlights.

Aspects are in accordance with scientific calculations

Blindly following these directional elements and vastu tips does not bring prosperity and wealth to a house, although these aspects do help in a big way. Precise planning and calculations are carried out depending on the aspects of rooms and the house with regard to geographical north and south. Based on these calculations, exact positions of articles, furniture and structural elements are decided.

Vastu experts believe that there is no one-size-fits-all solution in vastu. Since every person is unique, his requirements are unique as well. Customized solutions are the most effective for vastu. So, it is beneficial to consult a vastu expert before embarking on redecoration your home. The expert will probably want to visit your home or hold a long conversation to discuss details of construction and arrangement of homes before suggesting the most effective master bedroom design. The major advantage of consulting experts is that you do not have to demolish any part of the home.

In order to prevent their mail from being stolen many Americans today are investing in locking mailboxes. There are several offered. Some are galvanized aluminum. Others are decorative brass or copper. There are even wooden, plastic and tin mailboxes which have been on the market for many years. Some specialized styles are designed with horses or dogs or lighthouses atop them.

For those who have decided to lock their existing mailboxes, locking inserts are offered. Steel locking mailboxes are currently being advertised as secure and vandal proof. Some of them are stainless steel or 14 gauge steel. The strongest is a collection of mailboxes which are constructed of a 1/4″ steel shell. Yes, 14 gauge sounds thicker than 1/4 inch. Actually 1/4 inch is thicker than 14 gauge and is a 2 gauge thickness. What does this mean for rural residents whose mailboxes are being bashed? It means an end to vandalism of their mailboxes for years to come and theft of their mail as well.

Mailbox locks vary also. There is the medeco lock which has durable machined brass components designed to last for a lifetime and longer. Patented Medeco keys may be duplicated only by an authorized Medeco service outlet. Some locking mailboxes have keys and locks that look like those on your front door. These are the ones any locksmith can easily change for you. Standard locks on the 1/4 inch locking mailboxes are tumbler tubular locks which are pick-proof. There is even a newly introduced mailbox with an electronic combination lock.

The postman carries the postal Arrow lock key to gather your mail from the blue Postal Service drop box. For people who receive packages, there is a 1/4 inch steel package box with a slam lock. The owner leaves the package door open. The mail carrier places the package in the box and slams the door shut. All is secure. Nobody can steal that package.

The mail thief, if he knows his business, will approach his target prepared to compromise it if necessary. He or she will bash the box to bits or steal the box and there goes the mail and any personal information contained in it. Bashing most locking mailboxes is so easy to do you could do it yourself and the lock doesn’t even matter. It does not deter a determined mail thief. So what is the solution to this mailbox vandalism? It is simply a mailbox which is locked and strong enough to take any beating.

Consider the case of hundreds of robbed and damaged mailboxes in Crook County, Oregon on October 28, 2010. How were vandals and thieves able to accomplish this massive crime? It is because neither the locks nor the mailbox construction was secure. How many victims will be losing their bank accounts, good credit and so much more? Many will be suffering from identity theft is the fear reported by the County Sheriff there in Juniper Canyon.

An automobile mechanic is a lot like a doctor – people come to them all day with their complaints and the mechanic has to figure out what the problem is and fix them. But while the human body is admittedly complex, it has remained essentially unchanged over thousands of years while car designs are updated with each passing season. The increasing complexity and sophistication of modern machines has made the automotive technician one of the more technically demanding trades. The job requires more preparation than ever before.

While vehicle manufacturers are building cars that last longer, they have simultaneously become more difficult to repair. To make cars safer, lighter and more fuel efficient, new materials such as high-strength steels, aluminum and steel-plastic have been added into vehicle bodies. Technicians can no longer assume they’re working with good old steel when they start cutting or welding. Today’s auto body shops feature fancy scanners, diagnostic software and lab scopes to assist the accuracy of the repair process. Modern mechanics need to diagnose sensor and computer glitches in addition to the continuous stream of new technology introduced by car makers that have to be quickly learned and mastered. Manufacturers once assumed that computerization which outputted problems to computer printouts would make repairs easier. Instead the opposite has occurred, with a variety of fuel injection systems, electric steering, variable transmission and valve timing, and sophisticated electronic systems throughout the machine requiring greater cross-function skill.

Indeed, many service technicians are going back to mechanic school to learn how to work safely on hybrid drive systems and other new technology. The best mechanics have a wide variety of integrated skills to navigate the labyrinths of tubes and wires in complex computerized electrical systems, fuel systems and refrigeration. One mechanic noted that “computers have become as much a part of the tool box as wrenches”. Most automotive technicians intern while still in repair school and then work full time at the same dealerships, regularly reading trade papers to keep on top of industry trends and changes. With more experience they advance into more specialized, higher-paying positions.

The concern about repair complexity expressed by the insurance and repair industries is filtering back gradually to the car makers. Vehicle designers must balance issues associated with ease of repair with the push towards lighter and more fuel efficient cars. General Motors began about five years ago assigning engineers from their service operation to work alongside designers and their engineers can now use a virtual hand and wrench with a digital screen to test how a new machine in the design stage will affect the mechanic’s repair time. As cars become more compact, fitting more complicated electronics into smaller spaces, the mechanic’s trade will continue to grow more challenging – but maybe that’s part of the fun. Diagnosing the problem with speed and accuracy isn’t easy but its often the mechanic’s favourite part of the job. To become a mechanic these days means gaining the training to adapt to rapidly changing technology.

There are a variety of devices that are included within a network, such as firewalls, routers, memory, switches, VoIP, modules, and wireless products. All of this hardware comes with a price tag that can add up to be quite expensive. There are some employers that would prefer to buy only new network equipment because of the guarantee that comes with them. Other employers want to purchase used Cisco network equipment in order to save some money. Although you or your company may be convinced that new equipment is the way to go, there are some reasons to buy refurbished equipment for your network.

1. Purchasing used network equipment can often save fifty to ninety percent of what purchasing new would cost. It is often more cost effective for owners to purchase used Cisco equipment for their small businesses.

2. Resellers of used Cisco equipment typically have better customer service which gives you the chance to talk to them when necessary without having to pay extra for technical support.

3. Popular Cisco network equipment resellers will often provide warranties for their used equipment that are competitive with a manufacturer warranty.

4. Cisco equipment that is new will instantly become used once the box is opened. You could research the equipment to determine how many different companies have used it before you. You may be purchasing a piece of equipment that is just an open box piece of equipment and has actually never been used.

5. Dealers that sell refurbished network equipment test the hardware before they sell it. This will give you the peace of mind knowing the equipment works and will save you some headaches when you first install and use it.

6. Purchasing used Cisco network equipment is good for the environment as well. These types of electronic equipment can leak hazardous materials that they contain and can be harmful to the environment.

7. Purchasing refurbished equipment for your network is practical. Your boss will be pleased by your effort to save money and will give you the praise you deserve.

8. In order to ensure that you have all of the best products that you need for your network, dealers will often offer other used products you can choose from.

9. You can purchase GBICs that are compatible with the manufacturer’s product but at a lower cost.

10. Money that is saved by purchasing refurbished equipment can be used to help raise employee morale and therefore productivity by giving them a bonus.

There are a number of reasons to purchase used network equipment, but these are the top buy used Cisco tips that can help you make the best decision.

The simple basic application of any communication satellite, whether it is low earth orbital or geosynchronous, involves transmission of information from an originating Earth station to the satellite concerned, which is termed as “up-linking,” followed by re-transmission of the same information to the designated Earth station. This re-transmission is termed as “down-linking.” The downlink of the information may be to one particular Earth station or broadcasted over a selected number of Earth stations, situated at a larger area. In order to perform this up-linking and down-linking, the satellite has a receiver and a receive antenna, a transmitter and a transmit antenna, just like a set of walkie-talkie, which has a receiver and a transmitter with an antenna, though, in here, the “receive” and “transmit” are done through the same antenna. Satellites need antennas separately for its two functions of receive and transmit. Additionally, the satellite has electronic switches. This is used to logically switch the uplink signals, down-linking it to the appropriate Earth stations. It has an electronic black-box to determine the destination or destinations of the signals being down-linked to the Earth Stations. There is that ever important electrical power in a satellite required in keeping alive the electronic circuitry. The exact component structure of a satellite may differ from one to the other, depending on its actual application, but the basic component requirements remain the same.

The electrical power needed by satellites for receiving and transmitting signals greatly depend upon its orbital path, that is, whether it is a low Earth or geosynchronous orbital satellite. Electrical power requirement mostly depend upon the height of the satellite above the Earth. The higher it is, a satellite would need that much power for its basic operation in receiving and transmitting signals On basis of this, a geosynchronous satellite, being at an altitude of 22,300 miles, would require much more electrical power than the low earth orbiting satellite, which is situated at only a few hundred miles from Earth. In theory, a geosynchronous satellite would need 10,000 times the electrical power than the low Earth orbiting satellite. This is an awful lot of power and the satellite is designed in a way to work out a compromise, without losing the application reliability.

A satellite is usually powered from a battery or a solar energy system. In some of the communication satellites, a combination of battery and solar power energy is used, with the batteries supplying power to the electronics circuitry in the satellite, with a change over to solar energy during sunlight cycle, when the batteries are left on charging. The battery is turned on during solar eclipses, when the solar panels become inactive.

The main difference between the satellites in different orbital path is the antenna. This antenna design sets the optimum power requirement of a satellite. There are basically many designs available for an antenna. Some direct their radiation to one particular direction and there are others which are omni-directional, radiating all around. This principle is carried further by a communication satellite. If you consider the height at which the satellite is orbiting, even a large area on this Earth will be a mere spot of an area from that height. With the earth stations located in a comparatively small area, a properly designed antenna will beam its signals within that constricted area and not in any other direction. With a bigger antenna dish diameter, the area of radiation decreases in relation to certain design parameters.

One of the parameter in such a design is called “gain” of an antenna. This gain tells us how much more power would be required to beam the signals on one square mile of an area, with the transmitter power evenly distributed (isotropic distribution) over all directions within that area. This is one of the primary design criteria, which goes into the requirement of less electrical power required for a geosynchronous satellite, compared to what it would, in theory.

The larger difference in the antenna system of a geosynchronous satellite and the low earth satellite is that, the antenna should always look at the Earth. While it is fairly easy for the geosynchronous satellite, being stationary relative to the Earth’s rotation, the low Earth orbit satellites zoom past any point on the Earth every 5 to 10 minutes. In this case it becomes difficult to maintain the antenna orientation, as required.

The Earth station is a moving target, when looked at from the low Earth orbiting satellite and some sort of tracking system must be incorporated in the design, so that the antenna tracks the Earth station as passes that spot in its orbital path. The other alternative is to make such a design, such that the antenna can beam at a wider angle covering a wider area of the Earth, so that the receiver or transmitter is always within the reach of the reception and transmission of the signals. In doing so, the gain of the antenna reduces and to maintain the right gain, a lot more power would be required for the transmitter to provide such signal transmission.

Where do we get that power? One may wonder why the transmitters are not designed that way to provide thousands of watts of power. It is simply that it is not possible to make that kind of power available in a spacecraft. The on-board power is generated either by the series of batteries on the craft or by the huge solar panels, mounted on the satellites. These solar panels have numerous solar cells which generate the electrical energy required from the sunlight, while charging the batteries during sun-light periods. During the time when it is dark, the power generation is switched on to the batteries.. These solar cells are similar to the ones that you find in you calculator. There is a limit of how much these solar panels can generate. This limitation sets the limit of how much power can be generated in a satellite system. In practice, in some of the satellites, these solar panels generate few thousands of watts of electrical power. It is just not conceivable in providing that high power transmitters on-board the satellites as is desired.

The batteries on board are deployed, when the Earth passes in between the satellite and the Sun, when the solar panels do not get the sunlight required to produce the electrical energy. Therefore, the batteries have to remain in good charged condition in order to take over the energy generation when required.

The satellite receives and transmits the signals in two different frequencies. In here we find the application of transponders in a satellite system. A transponder is a component of a satellite system that receives the signals from Earth stations and transmits it back to the designated Earth station or stations. The uplink of any signal from Earth station is done using a “dish” antenna pointing towards the satellite. This signal is sent to one of the transponders on board. The transponder amplifies this signal, shifts it to a different frequency and transmits back to Earth. This shift of frequency, from the received signal to the transmit signal, is to avoid any interference between the receiver, and transmitter frequencies. A downlink dish like antenna at the earth station, looking at the satellite, captures this signal from the transponder which is then processed. Satellites can downlink the signals received, to many Earth stations at any given moment. The system has the advantage of having the ability to uplink and then downlink to multiple earth stations thousands of miles apart and, with multiple satellites relaying the signals, it can easily cover the whole world.